In the VLSI (Very Large Scale Integration) lifecycle, tape-out is often viewed as a major milestone. However, the true test of a chip begins only after silicon returns from fabrication. Post-silicon validation and bring-up represent the critical phase where theoretical correctness meets physical reality. At this stage, engineers must confirm https://nse-india69358.thezenweb.com/system-level-verification-as-a-critical-pillar-of-modern-vlsi-design-77881689